KNOX COUNTY, TN 1860 FEDERAL CENSUS TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES: Prepared by Donald Robbins Transcription aid by Betty Hawley Checked by D. K. Robbins March 22, 2013 Census Sheet's Format ------------------------------- Census Sheet Header Information ------------------------------- Each Census Sheet consists of 40 lines. The Header information contains a place for the Date of entry, Post Office, The County Name (Knox) and the name of the recorder of the information. ------------------------------- Census Sheet Detail information ------------------------------- Column 1 - Dwelling - houses numbered in the order of visitation Column 2 - Families, numbered in the order of visitation Column 3 - The name of every person whose usual place of abode on the first day of June, 1860 was in this family Column 4 - Age Column 5 - Sex Column 6 - Color, White, Black or Mulatto or Indian Column 7 - Profession, Occupation or Trade of each person, male and female, over 15 years of age Column 8 - Value of Real Estate Column 9 - Value of Personal Estate Column 10 - Place of Birth, Naming the State, Territory, or Country Column 11 - Married within the year Column 12 - Attended School within the year Column 13 - Person over 20 who could not read or write Column 14 - Whether deaf & dumb, blind, insane, idiotic, pauper or convict In the interest of getting the information transcribed to an 8 1/2 x 11 sheet, some adjustments were made in the format of the transcription. A new line was created, which contains the Page Number and Line Number that the information was transcribed from. The Surname is in Caps, along with the date of the census page, the census district, the Post Office, and the information from Column 1 and Column 2. The information from Columns 11, 12, 13 was encoded following the Column 10 information, Place of Birth. The encoding is: M, for married within the year, S, for attending school within the year, and I, for illiterate for a check in Column 13 for persons over 20 who could not read or write. The information from Column 14 is added, as is, to the person's line. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The information for the 1860 Census for Knox County consists of 488 pages. The information for Knox is on Microfilm Reel M653-1259 If the vocation included being a farmer, this is denoted by an asterisk Knox county was canvased by 3 enumerators. There are 19 Districts in Knox County. One enumerator was F. A. Ramsey @P104-10 His enumeration district is designated with "P". This group of Districts is 267 pages, with 1753 Families and 1888 Dwellings. One Enumerator is Thomas E. Helms@P106-38 His enumeration district is designated with "R", "S", "Y". This group of Districts is 126 pages, with 910 Families and 936 Dwellings One Enumerator is Shade Callaway @ U001-01 His enumeration district is designated with "T", "U", "V", "W". This Group of Districts is 95 pages with 676 Families and 685 Dwellings. Some of the microfilm images were extremely dim. There were Two midgets mentioned, with their heights given. There was a circus that was enumerated. It is not known to use whether Knoxville was their head quarters or they were just passing thru at the time of the census. Two Centarians were listed, one at 100 and one at 104 There were a lot of people that came to Knox county from New England, and from around the world COUNTS Number of White Males 9687 Number of White Females 9256 Number of Black Males 127 Number of Black Females 119 Number of Mulatto Males 111 Number of Mulatto Females 88 Number of Students 3772 Number of Illiterates 1356 Number of Married 170 in the last year PLACES OF BIRTH Tennessee 15270 Virginia 1082 North Carolina 765 Ireland 384 South Carolina 235 New York 141 Swiss 132 Germany 123 Georgia 95 Kentucky 83 Pennsylvania 80 England 66 Alabama 55 Maryland 49 New Hampshire 44 Connecticut 40 Massachutes 31 Miss 28 Indiana 25 Ohio 25 Scot 16 France 16 Illinois 14 New Jersey 14 Italy 10 Missouri 8 Brazil 6 Canada 5 Texas 5 Vermont 3 Arkansas 2 Cuba 1 Unknown 0 OCCUPATIONS by name ? 16 appt 15 Agent 5 Army Major 1 Artist 3 Auctioneer 3 Baggage Man 1 Baggage Master 1 Baggageman 1 Baker 2 Bank clerk 1 Banker 4 Bapt Min 6 Bar Keeper 1 Basket Maker 1 Black Smith 75 Blind Maker 3 Boarding House 7 Boatman 2 Boiler Maker 1 Book Agent 1 Book Keeper 2 Book Seller 1 Bookbinder 1 Bookkeeper 1 Brakeman 3 Brick Carrier 1 Brick layer 11 Brick Mason 30 Brickman 1 Bridge Builder 1 Builder 1 Butcher 10 chambermaid 4 clerk fed ct 1 clerk 73 clrk fed ct 1 collector 2 cook 7 Cabinent Builder 1 Cabinent Maker 17 Candies 1 Candle Maker 1 Candy Maker 1 Canvasman 17 Car Builder 2 Car Inspector 1 Carpenter 159 Carriage Maker 3 Cashier 2 Chair Builder 1 Chair Maker 2 Chamber Driver 1 Chambermaid 1 Cigar Maker 1 Circus Man 1 Civil Congress 1 Civil Engr 1 Clergy 3 Clk Cty Court 1 Clown 1 Coal Loader 1 Collector 1 Conductor 1 Confectioner 6 Constable 5 Contractor 1 Cooper 18 Dairyman 1 Dance Master 1 Dancing Master 1 Day Laborer 23 Dentist 4 Depot clerk 2 Domestic 11 Dress Maker 1 Driver 7 Druggist 7 Editor 2 Engineer 21 Equistrian 17 farm boy 1 Farm Hand 146 Farm Laborer 33 Farm Manager 2 Farmer blind 1 Farmer 2150 Ferryman 1 Fine Dresses 1 Fireman 5 Fisherman 5 Foreman Paper Mill 1 Fortune hunter 1 Foundry 2 Freight Agent 1 Gardner 10 Gas Fitter 1 Gate Keeper 1 Grocer 10 Gun Smith 1 house keeper 2 house maid 2 house work 1 housekeeper 1 housemaid 2 Handler 1 Harness Maker 1 Hatter 3 Hemp Maker 1 Hotel Keeper 5 House Builder 1 House girl 2 House Keeper 4 Huckster 2 Iron Founder 1 Jack of all trades 1 Janelan 1 Jeweler 2 JP 4 Judge 1 Knitter 1 Laborer 350 Lawyer 38 Lawyer* 1 Livery Stable 2 maid 2 matron 1 midget 2 Machinist 33 Magician 3 Mail Guard 1 Manager 3 Manners 1 Manufacturer 2 Marble Hand 1 Marble Worker 4 Mason 2 Master 1 MD 38 MD* 4 Mechanic 23 Merchant 80 Merchant* 1 Meth Min 4 Mill Wright 6 Miller 51 Miller* 2 Milliner 1 Miner 1 Minister 3 Moulder 8 Muscian 1 Nurse 8 overseer 9 Ostler 5 painter 1 Painter 24 Paper Maker 1 Patent Agt 1 Pattern Maker 1 Pattern Mkr 1 Peddler 5 Photographer 2 Planter 5 Plasterer 15 Policeman 4 Porter 6 Post Master 2 Potter 1 PO clerk 2 Preacher 1 Pres Min 4 Pres RR 1 Printer 19 Puppeteer 9 Recorder 1 Registrar 1 Restaurant 1 Rider 2 Ring Teacher 1 Road Agent 1 Rock Cutter 1 Rock Mason 1 Rockman 2 Rope Maker 1 Route clerk 1 RR agent 1 RR Agent 13 RR Agnt 1 RR brakeman 1 RR Boss 1 RR clerk 1 RR conductor 1 RR Conductor 3 RR Contractor 1 RR fireman 4 RR Hand 150 RR President 1 servant 12 Saddler 12 Sadler 1 Salesman 1 Salesman 10 Sawyer 2 School Pres 1 Seamstress 63 Sewer 14 Sexton 1 Shingle Maker 1 Shoe Maker 41 Silversmith 1 Stock Raiser 1 Stone Cutter 9 Stone Mason 9 Stone Mounter 1 Supt RR 1 Tailor 16 Tanner 3 Teacher 1 Teacher 43 Teamster 2 Telegraph Builder 1 Telegraph Operator 1 Ticket Agent 1 Tin Cutter 1 Tinner 6 Tinsmith 1 Trader 4 Trencher 1 waiter 1 Waggon Builder 2 Waggon Maker 10 Waggoneer 5 Waggoner 14 Wagon Maker 3 Washer 32 Watch Maker 1 Watchmaker 1 Watchman 3 Weaver 6 Well Digger 1 Wheel Wright 4 Wood Chopper 2 Wood Cutter 1 INFIRMITIES & OTHERS adopted 1 blind 9 bound boy 4 bound 1 deaf & dumb 56 dumb 1 Gentleman 2 house girl 29 idiot 3 idiotic 10 insane 8 jail 4 No Trade 1 pauper 18 spinster 2 student 33 student(law) 1 twin 34 OCCUPATIONS by frequencies Farmer 2150 Laborer 350 Carpenter 159 RR Hand 150 Farm Hand 146 Merchant 80 Merchant* 1 Black Smith 75 clerk 73 Seamstress 63 Miller 51 Miller* 2 Teacher 44 Shoe Maker 41 MD 38 MD* 4 Lawyer 38 Lawyer* 1 Farm Laborer 33 Machinist 33 Washer 32 Brick Mason 30 Painter 24 Day Laborer 23 Mechanic 23 Engineer 21 Printer 19 Cooper 18 Cabinent Maker 17 Canvasman 17 Equistrian 17 ? 16 Tailor 16 appt 15 Plasterer 15 RR Agent 15 Sewer 14 Waggoner 14 servant 12 Saddler 12 Brick layer 11 Domestic 11 Salesman 11 Butcher 10 Grocer 10 Gardner 10 Waggon Maker 10 overseer 9 Puppeteer 9 Stone Cutter 9 Stone Mason 9 Moulder 8 Nurse 8 Boarding House 7 cook 7 Druggist 7 Driver 7 Bapt Min 6 Confectioner 6 Mill Wright 6 Porter 6 Tinner 6 Weaver 6 Agent 5 Constable 5 Fisherman 5 Fireman 5 Hotel Keeper 5 Peddler 5 Planter 5 Ostler 5 Waggoneer 5 Banker 4 chambermaid 4 Dentist 4 House Keeper 4 housemaid 4 JP 4 Marble Worker 4 Meth Min 4 Policeman 4 Pres Min 4 RR Conductor 4 RR fireman 4 Trader 4 Wheel Wright 4 Artist 3 Auctioneer 3 Blind Maker 3 Brakeman 3 Carriage Maker 3 Clergy 3 Hatter 3 Magician 3 Minister 3 Manager 3 Tanner 3 Wagon Maker 3 Watchman 3 Baker 2 Boatman 2 Book Keeper 2 collector 2 Car Builder 2 Cashier 2 Chair Maker 2 Depot clerk 2 Editor 2 Farm Manager 2 Foundry 2 house keeper 2 House girl 2 Huckster 2 Jeweler 2 Livery Stable 2 maid 2 midget 2 Manufacturer 2 Mason 2 Photographer 2 Post Master 2 PO clerk 2 Rider 2 Rockman 2 Sawyer 2 Teamster 2 Waggon Builder 2 Wood Chopper 2 Army Major 1 Baggage Man 1 Baggage Master 1 Baggageman 1 Bank clerk 1 Bar Keeper 1 Basket Maker 1 Boiler Maker 1 Book Agent 1 Book Seller 1 Bookbinder 1 Bookkeeper 1 Brick Carrier 1 Brickman 1 Bridge Builder 1 Builder 1 clerk fed ct 1 clrk fed ct 1 Cabinent Builder 1 Candies 1 Candle Maker 1 Candy Maker 1 Car Inspector 1 Chair Builder 1 Chamber Driver 1 Chambermaid 1 Cigar Maker 1 Circus Man 1 Civil Congress 1 Civil Engr 1 Clk Cty Court 1 Clown 1 Coal Loader 1 Collector 1 Conductor 1 Contractor 1 Dairyman 1 Dance Master 1 Dancing Master 1 Dress Maker 1 farm boy 1 Farmer blind 1 Ferryman 1 Fine Dresses 1 Foreman Paper Mill 1 Fortune hunter 1 Freight Agent 1 Gas Fitter 1 Gate Keeper 1 Gun Smith 1 house work 1 housekeeper 1 Handler 1 Harness Maker 1 Hemp Maker 1 House Builder 1 Iron Founder 1 Jack of all trades 1 Janelan 1 Judge 1 Knitter 1 matron 1 Mail Guard 1 Manners 1 Marble Hand 1 Master 1 Milliner 1 Miner 1 Muscian 1 painter 1 Paper Maker 1 Patent Agt 1 Pattern Maker 1 Pattern Mkr 1 Potter 1 Preacher 1 Pres RR 1 Recorder 1 Registrar 1 Restaurant 1 Ring Teacher 1 Road Agent 1 Rock Cutter 1 Rock Mason 1 Rope Maker 1 Route clerk 1 RR brakeman 1 RR Boss 1 RR clerk 1 RR Contractor 1 RR President 1 Sadler 1 School Pres 1 Sexton 1 Shingle Maker 1 Silversmith 1 Stock Raiser 1 Stone Mounter 1 Supt RR 1 Telegraph Builder 1 Telegraph Operator 1 Ticket Agent 1 Tin Cutter 1 Tinsmith 1 Trencher 1 waiter 1 Watch Maker 1 Watchmaker 1 Well Digger 1 Wood Cutter 1 KNOX COUNTY HISTORY Knox County was created on June 11, 1792 by Governor William Blount from parts of Greene County, Tennessee and Hawkins County, Tennessee and has the distinction of being one of only eight counties created during territorial administration. It is one of nine c ounties named for American Revolutionary War general and first United States Secretary of War Henry Knox. Parts of Knox County later became Blount County, Tennessee, Anderson County, Tennessee, Roane County, Tennessee, and Union County, Tennessee (1850) counties. In 1786 James White built a fort five miles (8 km) below the junction of the French Broad and Holston Rivers on the southernmost edge of frontier settlement in present-day East Tennessee. William Blount, governor of the Territory of the United States South of the River Ohio, selected the site of James White's Fort as the territorial capital in 1791. He gave it the name Knoxville in honor of his direct superior as territorial governor, Revolutionary War hero General Henry Knox (1750 1806), who served as the first U.S. Secretary of War from 1785 to 1794. Governor Blount designated Knoxville as the capital of the Territory South of the River Ohio from 1791 to 1796. Knoxville also served as the capital of the State of Tennessee from 1796 to 1812, with the exception of one day in 1807, when the legislature met in Kingston to fulfill a treaty obligation with the Cherokee, and briefly again in 1817-18. Frontier leader General John Sevier, a resident of Knox County, served as governor of Tennessee from 1796 to 1801 and 1803 to 1809, most of Knoxville's years as the state capital. Since no state capitol building was constructed until 1845, when work began on the capitol building in Nashville, the general assembly met in taverns and public buildings. The William Blount Mansion (1792), the home of Territorial Governor Blount, is the most historically significant dwelling surviving in Knox County from the pre-statehood era. It is the only National Historic Landmark in the county. : The Civil War Siege of Knoxville Knox County's strategic location along important railroad lines made it an area coveted by both Union and Confederate forces throughout the Civil War Since the mountainous terrain of East Tennessee was mostly unsuitable for plantation crops such as cotton, Slavery was not as prevalent as it was in Middle and West Tennessee - an 1860 census of Knox County showed a population of 20,020 white citizens and just 2,370 enslaved African Americans. The lack of slavery combined with the vestiges of a once strong abolitionist movement in the region were two of the reasons that Knox County, along with much of East Tennessee, contained a great deal of pro-Union sentiment. However, there were family and other social ties which contributed to strong pro-Confederate sentiment as well. East Tennessee saw many of the "brother vs. brother" conflicts. Prior to secession, Unionists from Knox County collaborated with other East Tennessee Unionists in an attempt to secede from Tennessee itself and remain part of the Union. Oliver Perry Temple O.P. Temple, a Knoxville lawyer, was named to a 3-man commission to appear before the General Assembly in Nashville, Tennessee and request East Tennessee and pro-Union Middle Tennessee counties be allowed to secede from the state. The attempt failed. Knox County joined the Confederacy along with the rest of Tennessee after the second referendum for secession passed in 1861. Knox County remained under Confederate control until September 3, 1863, when General Ambrose Burnside and the Union army marched into Knoxville unopposed. Union Colonel William Harris, son of New York Senator, wrote his father 'Glory be to God, the Yankees have come! The flag's come back to Tennessee!' Such were the welcomes all along the road, as we entered Knoxville, it was past all description. The people seemed frantic with joy. I never knew what the Love of Liberty was before. The old flag has been hidden in mattresses and under carpets. It now floats to the breeze at every staff in East Tennessee. Ladies wear it -- carry it -- wave it! Little children clap their hands and kiss it. With the success of Burnside's troops in the Knoxville Campaign", and especially during the decisive Battle of Fort Sanders Knox County remained under Union control for the duration of the Civil War. The government of Knox County, Tennessee operates under a Home rule format. The county administrator, formerly known as the County Executive, is called the County Mayor. There is also an elected county commission. The county officials' districts do not correspond with those of the city of Knoxville, which has its own mayor and city council. Residents of the county living within Knoxville city limits vote in both city and county elections, are represented by city and county mayors, and pay city and county taxes. While the administration appears to be duplicated, services tend to be separated. Knox County runs the local school and library systems. Knoxville maintains police department independent of the county sheriff. The property assessor's office, tax offices, and the Metropolitan Planning Commission are combined between the city and county governments. According to the United States Census Bureau the county has a total area of 526 square miles (1,362.3 km), of which 508 square miles (1,315.7 km) is land and 17 square miles (44.0 km2) (3.29%) is water. Cherokee Caverns Cherokee Caverns is located 14 miles west of Knoxville on Highway 62. It was discovered in 1854 by Robert Crudgington who noticed fog emerging between rocks on his farm. He dug the entrance open and explored the cave. His daughter Margaret Crudgington opened the cave to the public in 1929 under the name Gentrys Cave, then changed the name to Grand Caverns in 1930. The cave has been open to the public, sporadically, ever since, under a variety of names. The name currently in use is Cherokee Caverns. Indian artifacts located in the cave indiate that another entrance to the cave existed at some time in the past. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - THE STORY TELLERS We are the chosen. My feelings are, in each family there is one who seems called to find the ancestors. To put flesh on their bones and make them live again, to tell the family story and to feel that somehow they know, and approve. To me, doing genealogy is not a cold gathering of facts but, instead, breathing life into all who have gone before. We are the story tellers of the tribe. All tribes have one. We have been called as it were, by our genes. Those who have gone before cry out to us: Tell our story. So, we do. In finding them, we somehow find ourselves. How many graves have I stood before now and cried? I have lost count. How many times have I told the ancestors you have a wonderful family you would be proud of us? How many times have I walked up to a grave and felt somehow there was love there for me? I cannot say. It goes beyond just documenting facts. It goes to who am I and why do I do the things I do? It goes to seeing a cemetery about to be lost forever to weeds and indifference and saying I can't let this happen. The bones here are bones of my bone and flesh of my flesh. It goes to doing something about it. It goes to pride in what our ancestors were able to accomplish. How they contributed to what we are today. It goes to respecting their hardships and losses, their never giving in or giving up, their resoluteness to go on and build a life for their family. It goes to deep pride that they fought to make and keep us a Nation. It goes to a deep and immense understanding that they were doing it for us. That we might be born who we are. That we might remember them. So we do. With love and caring and scribing each fact of their existence, because we are them and they are us. So, as a scribe called, I tell the story of my family. It is up to that one called in the next generation to answer the call and take their place in the long line of family storytellers. That, is why I do my family genealogy, and that is what calls those young and old to step up and put flesh on the bones. THE NEXT CENSUS The year 1860 is the time appointed for taking the eighth census of the United States. From having been originally a simple enumeration's of persons, this Federal census has grown to be a decennial register of the number of inhabitants and their occupation, religious denominations & c, and also a statement of the commerce, manufacturers, arts and industry, and the wealth of the nation. The collection of these statistics has hitherto been attended with immense labor and difficulty. The inquiries of the census takers have not only been baffled by the stupidity and perverseness and ignorance of many to whom they were addressed; but it has been impossible to obtain accurate information upon important subjects because the parties; who alone are presumed capable of imparting it, have never taken the trouble to inform themselves. It often occurs that, in the absence of the head of a family no other member of it is able to give the information required; for instance as to the ages of the different members or it, or the amount of land in cultivation, the number of negroes and their ages, the quantity and value of horses, mules and oxen, etc., or of farming implements or farm products. In town and country similar difficulties are continually met with by the marshals appointed to collect these statistics, and the census is consequently returned incomplete. It is probably that while care will be observed to prevent any frauds or excess in the publication of the next census, it will be ordered by Congress to be taken so as to include all the most important items of information in regard to the progress of our population and our country. In view of this contingency the Nashville News very sensibly suggest that each farmer, this fall , as he gathers his crops, shall keep something like an accurate account of the quality and value of the same; and if he will take the trouble to make out a statement of the names and ages of his family; the number and ages of his servants, the number and value of his horses and mules; the number of bales of cotton, barrels of corn, bushels of wheat, oats, rye, barley, potatoes, etc., and leave it in some place where any member of the family, who may be at home when the deputy marshal shall call, can readily get hold of it, it will save time to all concerned, and very greatly assist to make the census return perfect, complete and satisfactory.