MONTGOMERY COUNTY, TN 1860 FEDERAL CENSUS http://ftp.us-census.org/pub/usgenweb/census/tn/montgomery/1860/ ==================== TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES: ==================== Prepared by Donald Robbins Transcription aid by Betty Hawley Checked by D. K. Robbins August 29, 2006 Census Sheet's Format ------------------------------- Census Sheet Header Information ------------------------------- Each Census Sheet consists of 40 lines. The Header information contains a place for the Date of entry, Post Office, The County Name (Montgomery) and the name of the recorder of the information. ------------------------------- Census Sheet Detail information ------------------------------- Column 1 - Dwelling - houses numbered in the order of visitation Column 2 - Families, numbered in the order of visitation Column 3 - The name of every person whose usual place of abode on the first day of June, 1860 was in this family Column 4 - Age Column 5 - Sex Column 6 - Color, White, Black or Mulatto or Indian Column 7 - Profession, Occupation or Trade of each person, male and female, over 15 years of age Column 8 - Value of Real Estate Column 9 - Value of Personal Estate Column 10 - Place of Birth, Naming the State, Territory, or Country Column 11 - Married within the year Column 12 - Attended School within the year Column 13 - Person over 20 who could not read or write Column 14 - Whether deaf & dumb, blind, insane, idiotic, pauper or convict In the interest of getting the information transcribed to an 8 1/2 x 11 sheet, some adjustments were made in the format of the transcription. A new line was created, which contains the Page Number and Line Number of the Microfilm reel (reel Series M653, Roll # 1266) that the information was transcribed from. The Surname is in Caps, along with the date of the census page, the census district, the Post Office, and the information from Column 1 and Column 2. The information from Columns 11, 12, 13 was encoded following the Column 10 information, Place of Birth. The encoding is: M, for married within the year, S, for attending school within the year, and I, for illiterate for a check in Column 13 for persons over 20 who could not read or write. The information from Column 14 is added, as is, to the person's line. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The information from the microfilm for the 1860 Census for Montgomery County consists of 292 pages. DISTRICTS There were 3 Separate Areas in Montgomery County. AREA 1: This was listed with a P prefix. There are 52 pages in this part of the census. It is listed as North East of the Cumberland River, with the Post Office of Palmyra. The enumerator was G. H. Jordan. He is listed at S071-02 In this area there were 389 residences and family units. In other words, no vacancies. AREA 2: This was listed with a R prefix. There are 169 pages in this part of the census. It is listed as North East of the Cumberland River, with the Post Office of Clarksville. The enumerator was Z. T. Baughn. He is listed at R169-30 In this area there were 1170 residences and family units. In other words, no vacancies. AREA 3: This was listed with an S prefix. There are 71 pages in this part of the census. It is listed as South West of the Cumberland River with the Post Office of Palmyra. The enumerator was G. H. Jordan. He is listed at S071-02 In this area there were 502 Residences with 496 family units. In other words 6 vacant houses. ==================== COUNTS ==================== Number of White Males 7003 Number of White Females 5935 Number of Mulatto Males 32 Number of Mulatto Females 39 Number of Black Males 35 Number of Black Females 11 Number of Students 1979 Number of Illiterates 256 Number of Married 130 in the last year PLACES OF BIRTH Tennessee 8133 Kentucky 755 Virginia 715 North Carolina 549 Ireland 426 New York 91 Pennsylvania 83 South Carolina 76 Germany 53 England 48 Maryland 41 Scotland 30 Louisana 25 Mississippi 24 Georgia 19 Canada 16 Missouri 14 Illinois 14 New Jersey 8 France 7 Vermont 5 New Hampshire 3 Mass 3 DC 2 Maine 1 California 1 ==================== OCCUPATIONS ==================== Alphabetically appt 14 artist 3 Accountant 1 Agent 3 Asst Marshall 1 Auctioneer 1 Baker 1 Bank Clerk 2 Banker 2 Bapt Min 1 Barber 1 Black Smith 31 Boarder 1 Boarding House 2 Book Keeper 1 Book Kpr 6 Book Maker 1 Boot Maker 27 Brick Layer 3 Brick Mason 27 Bridge Builder 1 Bridge Keeper 1 Broker 1 Butcher 11 clerk 130 C. P. Preacher 1 Cabinent Maker 5 Carder 1 Carpenter 155 Carriage Maker 1 Cashier 1 Chancery Ct. 1 Cigar Maker 1 Cnty Clrk 1 Cnty Register 1 Co. Ct Clrk 1 Coach Mkr 1 Coach Painter 1 Coach Trimmer 1 Collier 1 Confectioner 3 Constable 10 Contractor 3 Cooper 27 dept clrk 1 dept Sheriff 1 Dancing Master 1 Day Laborer 11 Dentist 3 Distiller 1 Doctor 21 Dress Maker 3 Druggist 6 Editor 1 Engineer 13 Farmer 1138 Ferry Man 3 Ferryman 1 Fisherman 1 Founder 1 Gardner 2 Gas Fitter 1 Gate Keeper 3 Gentleman 3 Grocer 31 Gun Smith 1 Gunsmith 1 Harness Maker 8 Hat & Shoe Str 1 Horse Kpr 1 Hotel Keeper 6 House Keeper 76 Inspector 1 Iron Master 8 Jailor 1 Job Broker 1 Kpr of Poor House 1 Laborer 535 Landlord 1 Law Student 3 Lawyer 23 Livery Man 2 Lumber Trader 4 M. D. 1 Machinist 6 Magistrate 1 Mail Carrier 1 Manager 4 Marble Cutter 3 Marble Worker 2 Matron 1 Mechanic 4 Med Student 1 Medical Student 1 Merchant 97 Meth Min 2 Mill Wright 2 Miller 14 Moulder 7 overseer 54 Painter 27 Pattern Maker 2 Peddler 1 Physician 17 Piano Tuner 1 Pilot 1 Planer 4 Plasterer 6 Pork Packer 1 Post Master 1 Preacher 5 Pres of College 1 Printer 3 Renter 2 Retired Gent 1 Rodman 1 RR Agent 2 RR Conductor 1 RR Contractor 2 RR man 2 servant 10 Saddler 18 Sawyer 8 Seamstress 20 Sheriff 1 Shoe Maker 12 Shoe Mkr 2 Shoemaker 1 Silver Smith 5 Soap Maker 1 Stable Keeper 5 Stage Driver 2 Stone Cutter 5 Stone Mason 5 Student of A 1 Student 7 Tailor 4 Tax Collector 1 Taylor 4 Teacher 42 Telegraph Opr 1 Tenant 1 Tinner 1 Tobacco Broker 1 Tobacconist 12 Trader 5 Waggon Maker 18 Waggoner 5 Washer Woman 7 Watch Mkr 2 Watchman 2 Wheel Wright 3 ==================== OCCUPATIONS ==================== by frequency Farmer 1138 Laborer 535 Carpenter 155 clerk 130 Merchant 97 House Keeper 76 overseer 54 Teacher 42 Black Smith 31 Grocer 31 Brick Mason 27 Boot Maker 27 Cooper 27 Painter 27 Lawyer 23 Doctor 21 Seamstress 20 Saddler 18 Waggon Maker 18 Physician 17 Miller 14 appt 14 Engineer 13 Tobacconist 12 Butcher 11 Constable 10 servant 10 Harness Maker 8 Iron Master 8 Sawyer 8 Moulder 7 Student 7 Washer Woman 7 Book Kpr 6 Druggist 6 Hotel Keeper 6 Machinist 6 Plasterer 6 Cabinent Maker 5 Preacher 5 Silver Smith 5 Stable Keeper 5 Stone Cutter 5 Stone Mason 5 Trader 5 Waggoner 5 Lumber Trader 4 Manager 4 Mechanic 4 Planer 4 Tailor 4 Taylor 4 artist 3 Agent 3 Brick Layer 3 Confectioner 3 Contractor 3 Dentist 3 Dress Maker 3 Ferry Man 3 Gate Keeper 3 Gentleman 3 Law Student 3 Marble Cutter 3 Printer 3 Wheel Wright 3 Bank Clerk 2 Banker 2 Boarding House 2 Gardner 2 Livery Man 2 Marble Worker 2 Meth Min 2 Mill Wright 2 Pattern Maker 2 Renter 2 RR Agent 2 RR Contractor 2 RR man 2 Shoe Mkr 2 Stage Driver 2 Watch Mkr 2 Watchman 2 Accountant 1 Asst Marshall 1 Auctioneer 1 Baker 1 Banker 2 Bapt Min 1 Barber 1 Boarder 1 Book Keeper 1 Book Maker 1 Bridge Builder 1 Bridge Keeper 1 Broker 1 C. P. Preacher 1 Carder 1 Carriage Maker 1 Cashier 1 Chancery Ct. 1 Cigar Maker 1 Cnty Clrk 1 Cnty Register 1 Co. Ct Clrk 1 Coach Mkr 1 Coach Painter 1 Coach Trimmer 1 Collier 1 dept clrk 1 dept Sheriff 1 Dancing Master 1 Distiller 1 Editor 1 Ferryman 1 Fisherman 1 Founder 1 Gas Fitter 1 Gun Smith 1 Gunsmith 1 Hat & Shoe Str 1 Horse Kpr 1 Inspector 1 Jailor 1 Job Broker 1 Kpr of Poor House 1 Landlord 1 M. D. 1 Magistrate 1 Mail Carrier 1 Matron 1 Med Student 1 Medical Student 1 Peddler 1 Piano Tuner 1 Pilot 1 Pork Packer 1 Post Master 1 Pres of College 1 Retired Gent 1 Rodman 1 RR Conductor 1 Sheriff 1 Shoemaker 1 Soap Maker 1 Student of A 1 Tax Collector 1 Telegraph Opr 1 Tenant 1 Tinner 1 Tobacco Broker 1 ==================== INFIRMITIES ==================== blind 3 deaf & dumb 4 deaf 3 idiot 2 insane 1 ============================= HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY ============================= by Eleanor Williams, County Historian Long before the dawn of written history, humans inhabited the lands along the Cumberland and Red Rivers. In successive order the Paleo-Indian, the Archaic, the Woodland, and The Mississippian Indians have left evidence of their occupancy in this area. Knowledge of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers led to the historic journey of John Donelson with his flotilla of flatboats and an excerpt from Donelson's journal notes that on 12 April, 1780, Moses Renfroe and company took leave of the main party, ascended the Red River and made a short-lived settlement upstream. By the early 1780's, three principal stations were in the Cumberland-Red River area. Prince's Station, established in 1782, near Sulpher Fork and Red River; Neville Station founded around 1784 between Prince's Station and Clarksville; and Clarksville, the only station to become a city, established in 1784 near the confluence of Cumberland River and Red River. In January 1784, John Montgomery and Martin Armstrong surveyed the present site of Clarksville and proceeded to sell lots. The town was named for General George Rogers Clark, Indian fighter and Revolutionay War leader. On 29 December 1785, North Carolina established Clarksville as a town. Despite frequent Indian attacks, the town survived and prospered as early settlers attempted to recreate and perpetuate the culture of their former homes in their new environment. In 1796 when Tennessee became the 16th state, Tennessee County of which Clarksville was a part, was divided into Montgomery and Robertson Counties with Clarksville the county seat of Montgomery County. The name Montgomery honored John Montgomery, who was a founder of Clarksville as well as a renowned Indian fighter and Revolutionary War leader. The early years of the 1800's were progressive ones, chiefly devoted to the building of roads, railroads and bridges and the establishment of churches and educational institutions. When the Civil War began in 1860's, the residents were forced to make a momentous decision concerning the loyalty to the Union. On 8 June, 1861, Montgomery County citizens cast 2631 votes for separation and 33 against. Fort Donelson, Fort Henry and Fort Defiance were established in preparation of the Union advance, only to fall to Federal troops in 1862. After the Civil War, traffic on the Cumberland River continued to be of great importance to the community and Clarksville became well known for its production of dark fired tobacco, its primary money crop. From 1900 to 1940, Clarksville's trade and business progressed with the growth of the town being closely connected to the county farming area. Education became an important theme in the county in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries with the establishment of the Rural Academy in 1806 on the present site of Austin Peay University. Present day Austin Peay State University had its beginning in 1929 as Austin Peay Normal School, a two-year school to train teachers for the rural public schools of the state. Military activity again would impact the county during World War II when the army established Camp Campbell in Montgomery County. Over 42,000 acres were purchased and in June 1942, relocations of families was completed. The post was named in honor of General William Bowen Campbell. On 15 April 1950, the post became Fort Campbell when it changed from a temporary installation to a permanent one. Montgomery County furnished two governors to the state, Willie Blount and Austin Peay; a United States Supreme Court Justice and a Postmaster General, Horace H. Lurton and Cave Johnson, respectively. Clarksville has the distinction of being home to the oldest bank in the state, the Northern Bank established in 1854, now First American; the state's oldest newspaper, the LEAF-CHRONICLE, established in 1808; and the first and only bank in the world established and operated entirely by women, the Woman's Bank of Tennessee that opened in 1919. During the twentieth century, Montgomery County has profited from communication and mechanical technology with a growth in population and industrial expansion. No longer dependent upon an agricultural base, the county has become an important transport, industrial, retail and professional center with numerous recreational facilities. Such facilities include two state operated areas, Dunbar Cave Natural Area and Port Royal Covered Bridge Historic Area. Today, Clarksville, county seat of Montgomery County, is Tennessee's fifth largest municipality and one of the fastest growing cities in the South. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - THE STORY TELLERS We are the chosen. My feelings are, in each family there is one who seems called to find the ancestors. To put flesh on their bones and make them live again, to tell the family story and to feel that somehow they know, and approve. To me, doing genealogy is not a cold gathering of facts but, instead, breathing life into all who have gone before. We are the story tellers of the tribe. All tribes have one. We have been called as it were, by our genes. Those who have gone before cry out to us: Tell our story. So, we do. In finding them, we somehow find ourselves. How many graves have I stood before now and cried? I have lost count. How many times have I told the ancestors you have a wonderful family you would be proud of us? How many times have I walked up to a grave and felt somehow there was love there for me? I cannot say. It goes beyond just documenting facts. It goes to who am I and why do I do the things I do? It goes to seeing a cemetery about to be lost forever to weeds and indifference and saying I can't let this happen. The bones here are bones of my bone and flesh of my flesh. It goes to doing something about it. It goes to pride in what our ancestors were able to accomplish. How they contributed to what we are today. It goes to respecting their hardships and losses, their never giving in or giving up, their resoluteness to go on and build a life for their family. It goes to deep pride that they fought to make and keep us a Nation. It goes to a deep and immense understanding that they were doing it for us. That we might be born who we are. That we might remember them. So we do. With love and caring and scribing each fact of their existence, because we are them and they are us. So, as a scribe called, I tell the story of my family. It is up to that one called in the next generation to answer the call and take their place in the long line of family storytellers. That, is why I do my family genealogy, and that is what calls those young and old to step up and put flesh on the bones. Author unknown The 1860 Census or Lots of Questions Answered The 1860 Census lists a dwelling number and family number and each sheet lists the county as well as town and post office name. Questions answered on the 1860 census include, name, age and sex of each individual; color, occupation, value of real and personal property; birthplace, whether married within the year (m.y.), whether attended school, can read or write and the date of the enumeration. Also included are boxes to indicate if an individual was a pauper or convict. Here is an article published in 1859 about the upcoming 1860 census: Friday September 23, 1859 Weekly Star THE NEXT CENSUS The year 1860 is the time appointed for taking the eighth census of the United States. From having been originally a simple enumeration's of persons, this Federal census has grown to be a decennial register of the number of inhabitants and their occupation, religious denominations & c, and also a statement of the commerce, manufacturers, arts and industry, and the wealth of the nation. The collection of these statistics has hitherto been attended with immense labor and difficulty. The inquiries of the census takers have not only been baffled by the stupidity and perverseness and ignorance of many to whom they were addressed; but it has been impossible to obtain accurate information upon important subjects because the parties; who alone are presumed capable of imparting it, have never taken the trouble to inform themselves. It often occurs that, in the absence of the head of a family no other member of it is able to give the information required; for instance as to the ages of the different members or it, or the amount of land in cultivation, the number of negroes and their ages, the quantity and value of horses, mules and oxen, etc., or of farming implements or farm products. In town and country similar difficulties are continually met with by the marshals appointed to collect these statistics, and the census is consequently returned incomplete. It is probably that while care will be observed to prevent any frauds or excess in the publication of the next census, it will be ordered by Congress to be taken so as to include all the most important items of information in regard to the progress of our population and our country. In view of this contingency the Nashville News very sensibly suggest that each farmer, this fall , as he gathers his crops, shall keep something like an accurate account of the quality and value of the same; and if he will take the trouble to make out a statement of the names and ages of his family; the number and ages of his servants, the number and value of his horses and mules; the number of bales of cotton, barrels of corn, bushels of wheat, oats, rye, barley, potatoes, etc., and leave it in some place where any member of thefamily, who may be at home when the deputy marshal shall call, can readily get hold of it, it will save time to all concerned, and very greatly assist to make the census return perfect, complete and satisfactory.