ROANE COUNTY, TN 1860 FEDERAL CENSUS http://ftp.us-census.org/pub/usgenweb/census/xtn/roane/1860/ ------------------------------- TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES: ------------------------------- Prepared by Donald Robbins Transcription aid by Betty Hawley Checked by D. K. Robbins May 29, 2004 Census Sheet's Format ------------------------------- Census Sheet Header Information ------------------------------- Each Census Sheet consists of 40 lines. The Header information contains a place for the Date of entry, Post Office, The County Name (Roane) and the name of the recorder of the information. ------------------------------- Census Sheet Detail information ------------------------------- Column 1 - Dwelling - houses numbered in the order of visitation Column 2 - Families, numbered in the order of visitation Column 3 - The name of every person whose usual place of abode on the first day of June, 1860 was in this family Column 4 - Age Column 5 - Sex Column 6 - Color, White, Black or Mulatto or Indian Column 7 - Profession, Occupation or Trade of each person, male and female, over 15 years of age Column 8 - Value of Real Estate Column 9 - Value of Personal Estate Column 10 - Place of Birth, Naming the State, Territory, or Country Column 11 - Married with in the year Column 12 - Attended School with in the year Column 13 - Person over 20 who could not read or write Column 14 - Whether deaf & dumb, blind, insane, idiotic, pauper or convict In the interest of getting the information transcribed to an 8 1/2 x 11 sheet, some adjustments were made in the format of the transcription. A new line was created, which contains the Page Number and Line Number of the Microfilm reel(reel Series M653, Roll # 1269) that the information was transcribed from. The Surname is in Caps, along with the date of the census page, the census district, the Post Office, and the information from Column 1 and Column 2. The information from Columns 11, 12, 13 was encoded following the Column 10 information, Place of Birth. The encoding is: M, for married within the year, S, for attending school within the year, and I, for illiterate for a check in Column 13 for persons over 20 who could not read or write. The information from Column 14 is added, as is, to the person's line. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The information from the microfilm for the 1860 Census for Roane County consists of 303 pages. . COUNTS There were 2078 family units in Roane county. There were 11,794 free individuals in Roane County. Number of White Males 5863 Number of White Females 5827 Number of Mulatto Males 33 Number of Mulatto Females 28 Number of Black Males (free) 24 Number of Black Females (free) 19 Number of Students 2423 Number of Illiterates 1692 Number of Married 100 in the last year Number of twins 38 PLACES OF BIRTH Tennessee 9996 North Carolina 791 Virginia 572 South Carolina 140 Germany 84 Kentucky 59 Georgia 47 Alabama 21 England 15 Indiana 14 Unknown 14 New York 12 Ohio 10 Pennsylvania 10 Hungary 7 Maryland 7 Wales 7 New Jersey 6 Connecticut 4 Illinois 3 Massachusetts 3 Mississippi 2 Missouri 2 Switzerland 2 Maine 1 Dutch 1 OCCUPATIONS Occupations in Roane County in 1860 alphabetically appt Black Smith 1 appt Carpenter 2 appt Cooper 1 appt painter 1 appt Shoe Maker 1 appt 1 Artist 1 book keeper 1 bound 1 Bapt Min 2 Beggar 1 Black Smith Helper 1 Black Smith 23 Boarder 2 Boatman 1 Book Keeper 2 Brick Mason 6 Bridge Walker RR 1 clerk 9 Cabinent Maker 1 Capt Steam Boat 1 Carpenter 30 Chair Maker 5 Cooper & Cabinent 1 Cooper 5 County Clerk 1 deaf & dumb 2 domestic 1 dumb 1 Depot Agnt RR 1 Domestic 6 Drayman 1 Engineer 3 Farmer 677 Ferryman 3 Fisher 1 Fisherman 2 Fmr & Bapt Min 2 Frmr & Bapt Min 3 Frmr & Blck Smth 1 Frmr & Cabnt Mkr 1 Frmr & Crpntr 1 Frmr & Diary 1 Frmr & Hotl Kpr 1 Frmr & Meth Min 2 Frmr & Miller 2 Frmr & Shoe Mkr 1 Frmr & Trader 3 Frmr & Trdr 1 Gardner 2 Grocer 2 Guest 1 Hired Laborer 1 Hotel Keeper 2 Hotel Kpr 2 idiotic caused by fits 1 idiotic 1 in jail 3 insane 3 Iron Mstr 2 lunatic 1 Laborer 229 Lawyer & Meth Min 1 Lawyer 8 Lumber Manu 1 Lumberman 1 Machinist 3 Mail Carrier 1 Mail Contractor 1 Manu Tobacco 1 Manufacturer 2 Marble Cutter 1 Mechanic 1 Merchant 14 Meth Min 1 Mill Wright 1 Miller 7 Minister 1 Mwerchant 1 nearly deaf & dumb drinking lye 1 Needle Woman 1 Needle Women 3 Needle Work 1 Needlework 1 OM & Express Agt 1 Overseer 1 pauper 6 Painter 1 Physician 13 Plaster & Painter 1 Registrar 1 Saddler 7 Seamstress 1 Sewing 2 Sheriff 1 Shoe Maker 9 Silver Smith 1 Silver Smth 1 Stone Cutter 1 Student 23 twin 38 Tanner 1 Taylor 7 Teacher 6 Tinner 3 Track Boss RR 1 Trader 28 Trdr & Frmr 1 Vine Culture 2 Waggon Maker 1 Waggoneer 1 Wagoner 4 Washer 1 Weaver 1 Wool Carder 2 OCCUPATIONS by frequency Farmer 677 Laborer 229 Carpenter 30 Trader 28 Black Smith 23 Student 23 Merchant 15 Physician 13 clerk 9 Shoe Maker 9 Lawyer 8 Miller 7 Saddler 7 Taylor 7 Brick Mason 6 Domestic 6 Teacher 6 Chair Maker 5 Cooper 5 Wagoner 4 Engineer 3 Ferryman 3 Frmr & Bapt Min 3 Frmr & Trader 3 Machinist 3 Needle Women 3 Tinner 3 appt Carpenter 2 Bapt Min 2 Book Keeper 2 Fisherman 2 Fmr & Bapt Min 2 Frmr & Meth Min 2 Frmr & Miller 2 Gardner 2 Grocer 2 Hotel Keeper 2 Hotel Kpr 2 Iron Mstr 2 Manufacturer 2 Sewing 2 Vine Culture 2 Wool Carder 2 appt Black Smith 1 appt Cooper 1 appt painter 1 appt Shoe Maker 1 appt 1 Artist 1 book keeper 1 Black Smith Helper 1 Boatman 1 Bridge Walker RR 1 Cabinent Maker 1 Capt Steam Boat 1 Cooper & Cabinent 1 County Clerk 1 domestic 1 Depot Agnt RR 1 Drayman 1 Fisher 1 Frmr & Blck Smth 1 Frmr & Cabnt Mkr 1 Frmr & Crpntr 1 Frmr & Diary 1 Frmr & Hotl Kpr 1 Frmr & Shoe Mkr 1 Frmr & Trdr 1 Guest 1 Hired Laborer 1 Lawyer & Meth Min 1 Lumber Manu 1 Lumberman 1 Mail Carrier 1 Mail Contractor 1 Manu Tobacco 1 Marble Cutter 1 Mechanic 1 Meth Min 1 Mill Wright 1 Minister 1 Needle Woman 1 Needle Work 1 Needlework 1 OM & Express Agt 1 Overseer 1 Painter 1 Plaster & Painter 1 Registrar 1 Seamstress 1 Sheriff 1 Silver Smith 1 Silver Smth 1 Stone Cutter 1 Tanner 1 Track Boss RR 1 Trdr & Frmr 1 Waggon Maker 1 Waggoneer 1 Washer 1 Weaver 1 Other Beggar 1 Boarder 2 bound 1 in jail 3 pauper 6 Infirmities deaf & dumb 2 dumb 1 idiotic caused by fits 1 idiotic 1 insane 3 lunatic 1 nearly deaf & dumb drinking lye 1 The dollar worth in 1860 is about 20 times our dollar worth today. From a transcribers point of view, Roane County is the best one we have done to date. The handwriting is really quite legible. The vacancies (designated as Unoccupied) are all listed for the county. Also the notation for the sets of twins is welcome. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ROANE COUNTY HISTORY (from the WEB) Welcome to Roane County. Created by an act in 1801, the county is located in the Tennessee Valley, at the foothills of the Cumberland Plateau. The county contains four major towns, Harriman, Oliver Springs, Rockwood, Kingston - County Seat. Kingston also served as the capital of Tennessee for one day back in 1807. The land that is now Roane County was opened up to westward expansion by such forts as Fort Southwest Point in 1790 at Kingston. This brought the first settlers to the area in 1794. Here is some Historical Highlights of the county by Pat McDonald. Many famous Individuals once called Roane County home. People like actress Dixie Crosby, famed House Speaker Sam Rayburn, & even Texan Sam Houston. If you are planning a trip to Roane County please go to the Roane Alliance site for more info. Jamey McLoughlin History of Roane County, Tennessee The first county created in Tennessee that withstood the Sevier-Tipton battles of the old State of Franklin, was Washington County, erected by the General Assembly of North Carolina in November 1777. Washington County was formed from Washington District, which had been detached from Wilkes and Burke Counties and included in the present State of Tennessee. Washington County consisted of all the territory west of the North Carolina line. In 1799, the State of North Carolina created a second county called Sullivan. This county was named for General John SULLIVAN. With the exception of a small strip, Sullivan County was not, therefore, a part of Washington District when this district was created, but at that time was claimed by Virginia and recognized as part of that state. In April 1783, the State of North Carolina created Greene County naming it in honor of General Nathan GREENE. North Carolina had given General Greene a grant of 25,000 acres of land located in Maury County (present Maury County). This grant was registered in Greene County, as at that time the land was a part of the present Maury County. The next county created was from Sullivan County and was formed by the enactment of the State of North Carolina in 1786, while the state of Franklin was concurrently functioning. This county, called Hawkins, was named for Benjamine HAWKINS, who, as a United States Senator, with Senator Samuel JOHNSTON, executed, on February 25, 1790, the deed transferring what is now Tennessee to the United States. On June 11, 1792, Knox County was erected out of Greene and Hawkins Counties. On November 6, 1801, Knox gave a portion of territory for the formation of another county that was named for Judge ROANE, Governor from 1801-1803. After the Hiwassee Purchase, Roane County was extended on the south side of the Tennessee River and Morgan County taken from it. On November 30, 1793, a blockhouse was completed by John SEVIER, at Southwest Point, a station established in 1791, near Kingston, which was of great service to travelers and settlers against Native Americans. The county seat was established and called Kingston on lands of Robert KING, near Southwest Point, in Knox County. Among the earliest settlers of Roane County were: Robert KING, David MILLER, Alexander CARMICHAEL, George PRESTON, John SMITH, William L. LOVELY, and Thomas N. CLARK. Captain WALKER who had commanded the Light Horse Harry Lee bodyguard was an early settler. Dr. Daniel RATHER, Thomas C. CHILDRESS, Robert ALLISON, William FRENCH, David PATTON, Thomas BROWN, William WHITE, Samuel MILLER, Hugh NELSON, Paul HARLSON, Zacheus AYER, George PRESTON, William CAMPBELL, James PRESTON, Isham COX, William BARNETT, George McPHERSON, and Abraham McCLELLAND were among the first to settle in the county. Contributed by Pat McDonald - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - THE STORY TELLERS We are the chosen. My feelings are, in each family there is one who seems called to find the ancestors. To put flesh on their bones and make them live again, to tell the family story and to feel that somehow they know, and approve. To me, doing genealogy is not a cold gathering of facts but, instead, breathing life into all who have gone before. We are the story tellers of the tribe. All tribes have one. We have been called as it were, by our genes. Those who have gone before cry out to us: Tell our story. So, we do. In finding them, we somehow find ourselves. How many graves have I stood before now and cried? I have lost count. How many times have I told the ancestors you have a wonderful family you would be proud of us? How many times have I walked up to a grave and felt somehow there was love there for me? I cannot say. It goes beyond just documenting facts. It goes to who am I and why do I do the things I do? It goes to seeing a cemetery about to be lost forever to weeds and indifference and saying I can't let this happen. The bones here are bones of my bone and flesh of my flesh. It goes to doing something about it. It goes to pride in what our ancestors were able to accomplish. How they contributed to what we are today. It goes to respecting their hardships and losses, their never giving in or giving up, their resoluteness to go on and build a life for their family. It goes to deep pride that they fought to make and keep us a Nation. It goes to a deep and immense understanding that they were doing it for us. That we might be born who we are. That we might remember them. So we do. With love and caring and scribing each fact of their existence, because we are them and they are us. So, as a scribe called, I tell the story of my family. It is up to that one called in the next generation to answer the call and take their place in the long line of family storytellers. That, is why I do my family genealogy, and that is what calls those young and old to step up and put flesh on the bones. Author unknown The 1860 Census or Lots of Questions Answered The 1860 Census lists a dwelling number and family number and each sheet lists the county as well as town and post office name. Questions answered on the 1860 census include, name, age and sex of each individual; color, occupation, value of real and personal property; birthplace, whether married within the year (m.y.), whether attended school, can read or write and the date of the enumeration. Also included are boxes to indicate if an individual was a pauper or convict. Here is an article published in 1859 about the upcoming 1860 census: Friday September 23, 1859 Weekly Star THE NEXT CENSUS The year 1860 is the time appointed for taking the eighth census of the United States. From having been originally a simple enumeration's of persons, this Federal census has grown to be a decennial register of the number of inhabitants and their occupation, religious denominations & c, and also a statement of the commerce, manufacturers, arts and industry, and the wealth of the nation. The collection of these statistics has hitherto been attended with immense labor and difficulty. The inquiries of the census takers have not only been baffled by the stupidity and perverseness and ignorance of many to whom they were addressed; but it has been impossible to obtain accurate information upon important subjects because the parties; who alone are presumed capable of imparting it, have never taken the trouble to inform themselves. It often occurs that, in the absence of the head of a family no other member of it is able to give the information required; for instance as to the ages of the different members or it, or the amount of land in cultivation, the number of negroes and their ages, the quantity and value of horses, mules and oxen, &c., or of farming implements or farm products. In town and country similar difficulties are continually met with by the marshals appointed to collect these statistics, and the census is consequently returned incomplete. It is probably that while care will be observed to prevent any frauds or excess in the publication of the next census, it will be ordered by Congress to be taken so as to include all the most important items of information in regard to the progress of our population and our country. In view of this contingency the Nashville News very sensibly suggest that each farmer, this fall , as he gathers his crops, shall keep something like an accurate account of the quality and value of the same; and if he will take the trouble to make out a statement of the names and ages of his family; the number and ages of his servants, the number and value of his horses and mules; the number of bales of cotton, barrels of corn, bushels of wheat, oats, rye, barley, potatoes, &c., and leave it in some place where any member of thefamily, who may be at home when the deputy marshal shall call, can readily get hold of it, it will save time to all concerned, and very greatly assist to make the census return perfect, complete and satisfactory.